Chemical Evolution

Chemical Evolution

{{ive rise to the highly ordered structures and to the co-ordinated functracterizing living organisms is vanishingly small. The idea of spontaneous generation of life in its present form is therefore highly improbable, even on the scale of the billions of years during which prebiotic evolution occurred." Written by Ilya Prigogine, Gregoire Nicolis & Agnes Babloyants in "Thermodynamics of Evolution", Physics Today, Vol. 25, November 1972 p:23.

(10) "There is a hitch ..... proteins cannot form without DNA, but neither can DNA form without proteins. To those pondering the origins of life, it is a classic chicken-and-egg problem?" From John Horgan's article "Trends in Evolution: In the Beginning ....", in Scientific American, February 1991, p:100-109

(11) "Considering the way the prebiotic soup is referred to in so many discussions of the origin of life as an already established reality, it comes as something of a shock to realize that there is absolutely no positive evidence for its existence." Written by Michael Denton in his book "Evolution: A Theory in Crisis", Alder & Alder: Bethesda (Maryland),1986 p:261

(12) "Furthermore, no geological evidence indicates an organic soup, even a small organic pond, ever existed on this planet. It is becoming clear that however life began on earth, the usually conceived notion that life emerged from an oceanic soup of organic chemicals is a most implausible hypothesis.

We may therefore with fairness call this scenario 'the myth of the prebiotic soup'." Written by biochemists Charles B. Thaxton, Walter L. Bradley & Roger L. Olsen in their book "The Mystery of Life's Origin: Reassessing Current Theories", Philosophical Library: New York, 1984 p:66

(13) "The notion that not only the biopolymers, but the operating programme of a living cell could be arrived at by chance in a primordial soup here on Earth is evidently nonsense of a high order." Written by Sir Fred Hoyle in his article "The Big Bang in Astronomy" in New Scientist, Vol. 92, No. 1280, November 19, 1981 p:527

(14) "In short there is not a shred of objective evidence to support the hypothesis that life began in an organic soup here on the Earth." Written by world-famous physicist and astronomer Sir Fred Hoyle in his book "The Intelligent Universe", Michael Joseph: London, 1983 p:23

(15) "However, the macromolecule-to-cell transition is a jump of fantastic dimensions, which lies beyond the range of testable hypothesis. In this area all is conjecture. The available facts do not provide a basis for postulating that cells arose on this planet." Written by David E. Green (Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Wisconsin, USA) & Robert F. Goldberger (National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA) in their book "Molecular Insights into the Living Process", Academic Press: New York, 1967 p:406

(16) "It is therefore a matter of faith on the part of the biologist that biogenesis did occur and he can choose whatever method of biogenesis happens to suit him personally; the evidence for what did happen is not available." Written by Professor G.A. Kerkut (Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Southampton) in the book "Implications of Evolution", Pergamon Press: London, 1960 p:150

(17) The probability that a self replicating protein (one with at least 400 linked amino acids) forms by chance has been calculated as 1 chance in 10450. The rational probability for this is zero. If as the theory of evolution proposes, these amino acids come together through chance step-by-step processes, then the probability for this protein forming is the sum of the probabilities for the formation of each step. The probability for this is enormously larger than the 10450 probability for it happening in one step. This means that it is even more unlikely to have occurred. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 33, June, 1961 p:23

(18) Without oxygen in the atmosphere there would be no ozone to filter out most of the cosmic rays.

As a result, all of the ammonia and methane would have been destroyed in a few thousand years. NASA Atmospheric Scientists’ opinion in Origins of Life, Vol 12, 1982